| ATMOSPHERE PROPERTIES |
| Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in SI Units | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude (meters) |
Temperature (K) |
Pressure (Pa) |
Density (kg/m3) |
Viscosity (N-s/m2) |
| -2,000 | 301.15 | 1.27774E+5 | 1.47808 | 1.87630E-5 |
| -1,000 | 294.65 | 1.13929E+5 | 1.34700 | 1.84434E-5 |
| 0 | 288.15 | 1.01325E+5 | 1.22500 | 1.81206E-5 |
| 1,000 | 281.65 | 8.98746E+4 | 1.11164 | 1.77943E-5 |
| 2,000 | 275.15 | 7.94952E+4 | 1.00649 | 1.74645E-5 |
| 3,000 | 268.65 | 7.01085E+4 | 9.09122E-1 | 1.71311E-5 |
| 4,000 | 262.15 | 6.16402E+4 | 8.19129E-1 | 1.67940E-5 |
| 5,000 | 255.65 | 5.40199E+4 | 7.36116E-1 | 1.64531E-5 |
| 6,000 | 249.15 | 4.71810E+4 | 6.59697E-1 | 1.61084E-5 |
| 7,000 | 242.65 | 4.10607E+4 | 5.89501E-1 | 1.57596E-5 |
| 8,000 | 236.15 | 3.55998E+4 | 5.25168E-1 | 1.54068E-5 |
| 9,000 | 229.65 | 3.07425E+4 | 4.66348E-1 | 1.50498E-5 |
| 10,000 | 223.15 | 2.64363E+4 | 4.12707E-1 | 1.46884E-5 |
| 12,000 | 216.65 | 1.93304E+4 | 3.10828E-1 | 1.43226E-5 |
| 15,000 | 216.65 | 1.20446E+4 | 1.93674E-1 | 1.43226E-5 |
| 20,000 | 216.65 | 5.47489E+3 | 8.80349E-2 | 1.43226E-5 |
| 25,000 | 221.65 | 2.51102E+3 | 3.94658E-2 | 1.46044E-5 |
| 30,000 | 226.65 | 1.17187E+3 | 1.80119E-2 | 1.48835E-5 |
| 35,000 | 237.05 | 5.58924E+2 | 8.21392E-3 | 1.54559E-5 |
| 40,000 | 251.05 | 2.77522E+2 | 3.85101E-3 | 1.62096E-5 |
| 45,000 | 265.05 | 1.43135E+2 | 1.88129E-3 | 1.69449E-5 |
| 50,000 | 270.65 | 7.59448E+1 | 9.77525E-4 | 1.72341E-5 |
| 60,000 | 245.45 | 2.03143E+1 | 2.88321E-4 | 1.59104E-5 |
| 70,000 | 217.45 | 4.63422 | 7.42430E-5 | 1.43679E-5 |
| 80,000 | 196.65 | 8.86280E-1 | 1.57005E-5 | 1.31682E-5 |
| 84,852 | 186.95 | 3.73384E-1 | 6.95788E-6 | 1.25915E-5 |
Air is a clean, dry, perfect gas mixture; Specific heat ratio = 1.40; Molecular weight to 86 km = 28.9644 Principal sea-level constituents: N2–78.084%, O2–20.9476%, Ar–0.934%, CO2–0.0314%, Ne–0.001818%, He–0.000524%, CH4–0.0002% | ||||
| MSISE-90 Model of Earth's Upper Atmosphere | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude (km) |
Low Solar Activity | Mean Solar Activity | Extremely High Solar Activity | |||||||||
| Temp. (K) |
Density (kg/m3) |
Pressure (Pa) |
Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol) |
Temp. (K) |
Density (kg/m3) |
Pressure (Pa) |
Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol) |
Temp. (K) |
Density (kg/m3) |
Pressure (Pa) |
Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol) |
|
| 0 | 300.2511 | 1.17E+00 | 1.01E+05 | 28.9502 | 300.2511 | 1.17E+00 | 1.01E+05 | 28.9502 | 300.2511 | 1.16E+00 | 9.98E+04 | 28.9502 |
| 20 | 206.2085 | 9.48E-02 | 5.62E+03 | 28.9502 | 206.2085 | 9.49E-02 | 5.62E+03 | 28.9502 | 206.2085 | 9.41E-02 | 5.57E+03 | 28.9502 |
| 40 | 257.6979 | 4.07E-03 | 3.01E+02 | 28.9502 | 257.6979 | 4.07E-03 | 3.02E+02 | 28.9502 | 257.6979 | 4.04E-03 | 2.99E+02 | 28.9502 |
| 60 | 244.1212 | 3.31E-04 | 2.32E+01 | 28.9502 | 244.1212 | 3.31E-04 | 2.32E+01 | 28.9502 | 244.1212 | 3.28E-04 | 2.30E+01 | 28.9502 |
| 80 | 203.1065 | 1.69E-05 | 9.81E-01 | 29.1353 | 196.3636 | 1.68E-05 | 9.45E-01 | 29.0175 | 172.2146 | 1.68E-05 | 8.42E-01 | 28.5290 |
| 100 | 168.7219 | 5.77E-07 | 2.89E-02 | 28.0036 | 184.0160 | 5.08E-07 | 2.81E-02 | 27.7137 | 297.3338 | 2.78E-07 | 2.63E-02 | 26.1997 |
| 120 | 356.8669 | 1.70E-08 | 1.92E-03 | 26.3948 | 374.9715 | 1.80E-08 | 2.17E-03 | 25.8745 | 430.8385 | 2.34E-08 | 3.55E-03 | 23.6456 |
| 140 | 545.8594 | 2.96E-09 | 5.37E-04 | 25.0665 | 635.5703 | 3.26E-09 | 7.03E-04 | 24.5349 | 875.9174 | 4.93E-09 | 1.61E-03 | 22.3209 |
| 160 | 630.0652 | 9.65E-10 | 2.13E-04 | 23.7884 | 787.5532 | 1.18E-09 | 3.31E-04 | 23.4225 | 1,143.5426 | 2.23E-09 | 9.90E-04 | 21.4577 |
| 180 | 667.8662 | 3.90E-10 | 9.62E-05 | 22.5037 | 877.6729 | 5.51E-10 | 1.80E-04 | 22.4106 | 1,314.3427 | 1.28E-09 | 6.76E-04 | 20.7706 |
| 200 | 684.9187 | 1.75E-10 | 4.70E-05 | 21.2516 | 931.2806 | 2.91E-10 | 1.05E-04 | 21.4734 | 1,423.6469 | 8.28E-10 | 4.86E-04 | 20.1836 |
| 220 | 692.6487 | 8.47E-11 | 2.43E-05 | 20.0935 | 963.2701 | 1.66E-10 | 6.44E-05 | 20.6108 | 1,493.7864 | 5.69E-10 | 3.60E-04 | 19.6664 |
| 240 | 696.1697 | 4.31E-11 | 1.31E-05 | 19.0789 | 982.4191 | 9.91E-11 | 4.09E-05 | 19.8292 | 1,538.9154 | 4.08E-10 | 2.72E-04 | 19.2046 |
| 260 | 697.7811 | 2.30E-11 | 7.31E-06 | 18.2300 | 993.9173 | 6.16E-11 | 2.66E-05 | 19.1337 | 1,568.0294 | 3.00E-10 | 2.08E-04 | 18.7901 |
| 280 | 698.5220 | 1.27E-11 | 4.20E-06 | 17.5402 | 1,000.8427 | 3.94E-11 | 1.77E-05 | 18.5256 | 1,586.8613 | 2.25E-10 | 1.61E-04 | 18.4178 |
| 300 | 698.8644 | 7.22E-12 | 2.47E-06 | 16.9830 | 1,005.0267 | 2.58E-11 | 1.20E-05 | 18.0015 | 1,599.0743 | 1.71E-10 | 1.26E-04 | 18.0839 |
| 320 | 699.0233 | 4.21E-12 | 1.48E-06 | 16.5214 | 1,007.5620 | 1.72E-11 | 8.20E-06 | 17.5537 | 1,607.0154 | 1.32E-10 | 9.93E-05 | 17.7852 |
| 340 | 699.0973 | 2.50E-12 | 9.01E-07 | 16.1147 | 1,009.1030 | 1.16E-11 | 5.69E-06 | 17.1721 | 1,612.1920 | 1.03E-10 | 7.86E-05 | 17.5186 |
| 360 | 699.1320 | 1.51E-12 | 5.57E-07 | 15.7219 | 1,010.0423 | 7.99E-12 | 3.98E-06 | 16.8449 | 1,615.5751 | 8.05E-11 | 6.26E-05 | 17.2812 |
| 380 | 699.1483 | 9.20E-13 | 3.50E-07 | 15.3028 | 1,010.6166 | 5.55E-12 | 2.81E-06 | 16.5597 | 1,617.7916 | 6.35E-11 | 5.01E-05 | 17.0699 |
| 400 | 699.1561 | 5.68E-13 | 2.23E-07 | 14.8185 | 1,010.9688 | 3.89E-12 | 2.01E-06 | 16.3044 | 1,619.2476 | 5.04E-11 | 4.02E-05 | 16.8818 |
| 420 | 699.1597 | 3.54E-13 | 1.45E-07 | 14.2332 | 1,011.1853 | 2.75E-12 | 1.44E-06 | 16.0669 | 1,620.2062 | 4.02E-11 | 3.25E-05 | 16.7142 |
| 440 | 699.1615 | 2.23E-13 | 9.61E-08 | 13.5181 | 1,011.3190 | 1.96E-12 | 1.04E-06 | 15.8360 | 1,620.8390 | 3.23E-11 | 2.63E-05 | 16.5643 |
| 460 | 699.1623 | 1.42E-13 | 6.54E-08 | 12.6581 | 1,011.4014 | 1.40E-12 | 7.55E-07 | 15.6008 | 1,621.2577 | 2.60E-11 | 2.13E-05 | 16.4297 |
| 480 | 699.1627 | 9.20E-14 | 4.59E-08 | 11.6594 | 1,011.4526 | 1.01E-12 | 5.53E-07 | 15.3508 | 1,621.5354 | 2.10E-11 | 1.73E-05 | 16.3079 |
| 500 | 699.1629 | 6.03E-14 | 3.32E-08 | 10.5547 | 1,011.4845 | 7.30E-13 | 4.07E-07 | 15.0760 | 1,621.7200 | 1.70E-11 | 1.42E-05 | 16.1967 |
| 520 | 699.1630 | 4.03E-14 | 2.49E-08 | 9.4006 | 1,011.5043 | 5.31E-13 | 3.03E-07 | 14.7669 | 1,621.8430 | 1.38E-11 | 1.16E-05 | 16.0940 |
| 540 | 699.1630 | 2.75E-14 | 1.94E-08 | 8.2657 | 1,011.5168 | 3.88E-13 | 2.27E-07 | 14.4148 | 1,621.9253 | 1.13E-11 | 9.50E-06 | 15.9980 |
| 560 | 699.1631 | 1.93E-14 | 1.55E-08 | 7.2141 | 1,011.5245 | 2.85E-13 | 1.71E-07 | 14.0125 | 1,621.9803 | 9.21E-12 | 7.81E-06 | 15.9067 |
| 580 | 699.1631 | 1.39E-14 | 1.28E-08 | 6.2904 | 1,011.5294 | 2.11E-13 | 1.31E-07 | 13.5547 | 1,622.0172 | 7.55E-12 | 6.44E-06 | 15.8187 |
| 600 | 699.1631 | 1.03E-14 | 1.09E-08 | 5.5149 | 1,011.5325 | 1.56E-13 | 1.01E-07 | 13.0389 | 1,622.0421 | 6.20E-12 | 5.31E-06 | 15.7321 |
| 620 | 699.1631 | 7.90E-15 | 9.40E-09 | 4.8864 | 1,011.5345 | 1.17E-13 | 7.89E-08 | 12.4665 | 1,622.0588 | 5.10E-12 | 4.40E-06 | 15.6457 |
| 640 | 699.1631 | 6.24E-15 | 8.27E-09 | 4.3891 | 1,011.5357 | 8.79E-14 | 6.24E-08 | 11.8428 | 1,622.0702 | 4.20E-12 | 3.65E-06 | 15.5578 |
| 660 | 699.1631 | 5.06E-15 | 7.36E-09 | 4.0012 | 1,011.5365 | 6.65E-14 | 5.01E-08 | 11.1779 | 1,622.0778 | 3.47E-12 | 3.03E-06 | 15.4672 |
| 680 | 699.1631 | 4.21E-15 | 6.62E-09 | 3.6999 | 1,011.5370 | 5.08E-14 | 4.07E-08 | 10.4854 | 1,622.0830 | 2.88E-12 | 2.52E-06 | 15.3725 |
| 700 | 699.1631 | 3.58E-15 | 6.00E-09 | 3.4648 | 1,011.5374 | 3.91E-14 | 3.36E-08 | 9.7818 | 1,622.0865 | 2.38E-12 | 2.11E-06 | 15.2723 |
| 720 | 699.1631 | 3.09E-15 | 5.48E-09 | 3.2789 | 1,011.5375 | 3.04E-14 | 2.82E-08 | 9.0847 | 1,622.0890 | 1.98E-12 | 1.76E-06 | 15.1653 |
| 740 | 699.1631 | 2.70E-15 | 5.02E-09 | 3.1289 | 1,011.5377 | 2.39E-14 | 2.39E-08 | 8.4111 | 1,622.0906 | 1.65E-12 | 1.48E-06 | 15.0503 |
| 760 | 699.1631 | 2.39E-15 | 4.63E-09 | 3.0049 | 1,011.5377 | 1.90E-14 | 2.06E-08 | 7.7753 | 1,622.0918 | 1.37E-12 | 1.24E-06 | 14.9260 |
| 780 | 699.1631 | 2.13E-15 | 4.28E-09 | 2.8996 | 1,011.5378 | 1.53E-14 | 1.79E-08 | 7.1884 | 1,622.0925 | 1.15E-12 | 1.05E-06 | 14.7912 |
| 800 | 699.1631 | 1.91E-15 | 3.96E-09 | 2.8075 | 1,011.5378 | 1.25E-14 | 1.58E-08 | 6.6572 | 1,622.0930 | 9.59E-13 | 8.84E-07 | 14.6447 |
| 820 | 699.1631 | 1.73E-15 | 3.68E-09 | 2.7249 | 1,011.5378 | 1.03E-14 | 1.40E-08 | 6.1849 | 1,622.0934 | 8.04E-13 | 7.48E-07 | 14.4854 |
| 840 | 699.1631 | 1.56E-15 | 3.43E-09 | 2.6492 | 1,011.5379 | 8.64E-15 | 1.26E-08 | 5.7711 | 1,622.0936 | 6.74E-13 | 6.36E-07 | 14.3123 |
| 860 | 699.1631 | 1.42E-15 | 3.21E-09 | 2.5784 | 1,011.5379 | 7.32E-15 | 1.14E-08 | 5.4132 | 1,622.0939 | 5.67E-13 | 5.42E-07 | 14.1244 |
| 880 | 699.1631 | 1.30E-15 | 3.00E-09 | 2.5113 | 1,011.5379 | 6.28E-15 | 1.04E-08 | 5.1066 | 1,622.0940 | 4.77E-13 | 4.63E-07 | 13.9210 |
| 900 | 699.1631 | 1.18E-15 | 2.81E-09 | 2.4470 | 1,011.5379 | 5.46E-15 | 9.47E-09 | 4.8460 | 1,622.0940 | 4.03E-13 | 3.97E-07 | 13.7015 |
| Atmospheric Scale Height & Density, to 35,786 km | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude (km) |
Scale Height (km) |
Atmospheric Density | |
| Mean (kg/m3) |
Maximum (kg/m3) |
||
| 0 | 8.4 | 1.225 | 1.225 |
| 100 | 5.9 | 5.25E-7 | 5.75E-7 |
| 150 | 25.5 | 1.73E-9 | 1.99E-9 |
| 200 | 37.5 | 2.41E-10 | 3.65E-10 |
| 250 | 44.8 | 5.97E-11 | 1.20E-10 |
| 300 | 50.3 | 1.87E-11 | 4.84E-11 |
| 350 | 54.8 | 6.66E-12 | 2.18E-11 |
| 400 | 58.2 | 2.62E-12 | 1.05E-11 |
| 450 | 61.3 | 1.09E-12 | 5.35E-12 |
| 500 | 64.5 | 4.76E-13 | 2.82E-12 |
| 550 | 68.7 | 2.14E-13 | 1.53E-12 |
| 600 | 74.8 | 9.89E-14 | 8.46E-13 |
| 650 | 84.4 | 4.73E-14 | 4.77E-13 |
| 700 | 99.3 | 2.36E-14 | 2.73E-13 |
| 750 | 121 | 1.24E-14 | 1.59E-13 |
| 800 | 151 | 6.95E-15 | 9.41E-14 |
| 850 | 188 | 4.22E-15 | 5.67E-14 |
| 900 | 226 | 2.78E-15 | 3.49E-14 |
| 950 | 263 | 1.98E-15 | 2.21E-14 |
| 1,000 | 296 | 1.49E-15 | 1.43E-14 |
| 1,250 | 408 | 5.70E-16 | 2.82E-15 |
| 1,500 | 516 | 2.79E-16 | 1.16E-15 |
| 2,000 | 829 | 9.09E-17 | 3.80E-16 |
| 2,500 | 1220 | 4.23E-17 | 1.54E-16 |
| 3,000 | 1590 | 2.54E-17 | 7.09E-17 |
| 3,500 | 1900 | 1.77E-17 | 3.67E-17 |
| 4,000 | 2180 | 1.34E-17 | 2.11E-17 |
| 4,500 | 2430 | 1.06E-17 | 1.34E-17 |
| 5,000 | 2690 | 8.62E-18 | 9.30E-18 |
| 6,000 | 3200 | 6.09E-18 | 5.41E-18 |
| 7,000 | 3750 | 4.56E-18 | 3.74E-18 |
| 8,000 | 4340 | 3.56E-18 | 2.87E-18 |
| 9,000 | 4970 | 2.87E-18 | 2.34E-18 |
| 10,000 | 5630 | 2.37E-18 | 1.98E-18 |
| 15,000 | 9600 | 1.21E-18 | 1.16E-18 |
| 20,000 | 14600 | 7.92E-19 | 8.42E-19 |
| 25,000 | 20700 | 5.95E-19 | 6.81E-19 |
| 30,000 | 27800 | 4.83E-19 | 5.84E-19 |
| 35,000 | 36000 | 4.13E-19 | 5.21E-19 |
| 35,786 | 37300 | 4.04E-19 | 5.12E-19 |
| Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in U.S. Units | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude (feet) |
Temperature (oR) |
Pressure (psia) |
Density (slug/ft3) |
Viscosity (lb-s/ft2) |
| -6,000 | 540.07 | 18.1749 | 2.82344E-3 | 3.90735E-7 |
| -3,000 | 529.37 | 16.3607 | 2.59297E-3 | 3.84625E-7 |
| 0 | 518.67 | 14.6959 | 2.37717E-3 | 3.78456E-7 |
| 5,000 | 500.84 | 12.2277 | 2.04834E-3 | 3.68041E-7 |
| 10,000 | 483.01 | 10.1065 | 1.75549E-3 | 3.57454E-7 |
| 15,000 | 465.18 | 8.29354 | 1.49581E-3 | 3.46688E-7 |
| 20,000 | 447.35 | 6.75343 | 1.26659E-3 | 3.35735E-7 |
| 25,000 | 429.52 | 5.45355 | 1.06526E-3 | 3.24588E-7 |
| 30,000 | 411.69 | 4.36413 | 8.89378E-4 | 3.13240E-7 |
| 35,000 | 393.85 | 3.45803 | 7.36627E-4 | 3.01681E-7 |
| 40,000 | 389.97 | 2.72003 | 5.85189E-4 | 2.99135E-7 |
| 45,000 | 389.97 | 2.13897 | 4.60180E-4 | 2.99135E-7 |
| 50,000 | 389.97 | 1.68204 | 3.61876E-4 | 2.99135E-7 |
| 55,000 | 389.97 | 1.32272 | 2.84571E-4 | 2.99135E-7 |
| 60,000 | 389.97 | 1.04016 | 2.23781E-4 | 2.99135E-7 |
| 70,000 | 392.37 | 6.43641E-1 | 1.37625E-4 | 3.00712E-7 |
| 80,000 | 397.86 | 4.00519E-1 | 8.44590E-5 | 3.04297E-7 |
| 100,000 | 408.83 | 1.58114E-1 | 3.24473E-5 | 3.11406E-7 |
| 120,000 | 434.63 | 6.47290E-2 | 1.24948E-5 | 3.27808E-7 |
| 140,000 | 465.36 | 2.81301E-2 | 5.07154E-6 | 3.46797E-7 |
| 160,000 | 487.17 | 1.28682E-2 | 2.21610E-6 | 3.59941E-7 |
| 180,000 | 467.70 | 5.90183E-3 | 1.05871E-6 | 3.48219E-7 |
| 200,000 | 436.97 | 2.57592E-3 | 4.94576E-7 | 3.29273E-7 |
| 225,000 | 398.57 | 8.38438E-4 | 1.76492E-7 | 3.04757E-7 |
| 250,000 | 367.65 | 2.45671E-4 | 5.60626E-8 | 2.84296E-7 |
| 278,386 | 336.50 | 5.41542E-5 | 1.35020E-8 | 2.62978E-7 |
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