KISAH KLASIK UNTUK MASA DEPAN?

Kisah Klasik Untuk Masa Depan?

Isu isu tersebut diatas adalah sebenarnya merupakan kisah klasik perjuangan diplomasi Indonesia yang harus terus menerus menjadi perhatian kita. Terdapat 2 (dua) kesimpulan sederhana atas hal tersebut yaitu:

a. Negara kepulauan, maritim, maupun negara pantai dengan interaksi hubungan internasional dan politik luar negerinya dengan negara lain sangatlah penting untuk memiliki batas maritim yang terdefinisikan dengan jelas dan baik. Hal ini akan membantu dalam memudahkan isu isu sensitive seperti isu keamanan, akses dan pengelolaan sumber daya laut, keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban antar negara yang bersangkutan.

b. Delimitasi/kejelasan batas maritim dapat menghilangkan potensi konflik antar negara negara bertetangga, sehingga, dalam hal ini, Indonesia sebagai motor penggerak dalam pembentukan ASEAN Community harus memberi perhatian lebih untuk menciptaan kejelasan batas maritim dengan negara tetangga sebagai suatu ‘situasi prakondisi’ demi terwujudnya ASEAN Community yang damai, sejahtera, bersatu, dan saling menghormati kedaulatan, hak berdaulat, dan batas “maksimal” landas kontinen antar negara anggotanya sebagai suatu kesatuan komunitas yang selaras dan harmoni. Sungguh, kelautan Indonesia adalah kisah klasik untuk masa depan…yang lebih baik…

PS: Kritik dan masukan dibuka untuk pemahaman Hukum Laut yang lebih baik…..untuk Indonesia!!

-FJM-

*) UNCLOS 1982 ( Penulis Melengkapi dasar hukum yang disebutkan dalam artikel di atas agar lebih jelas sbb) :

CONTINENTAL SHELF

Article76

Definition of the continental shelf

1. The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.

2. The continental shelf of a coastal State shall not extend beyond the limits provided for in paragraphs 4 to 6.

3. The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal State, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof.

4. (a) For the purposes of this Convention, the coastal State shall establish the outer edge of the continental margin wherever the margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, by either:

(i) a line delineated in accordance with paragraph 7 by reference to the outermost fixed points at each of which the thickness of sedimentary rocks is at least 1 per cent of the shortest distance from such point to the foot of the continental slope; or

(ii) a line delineated in accordance with paragraph 7 by reference to fixed points not more than 60 nautical miles from the foot of the continental slope.

(b) In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the foot of the continental slope shall be determined as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base.

5. The fixed points comprising the line of the outer limits of the continental shelf on the seabed, drawn in accordance with paragraph 4 (a)(i) and (ii), either shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured or shall not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2,500 metre isobath, which is a line connecting the depth of 2,500 metres.

6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, on submarine ridges, the outer limit of the continental shelf shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. This paragraph does not apply to submarine elevations that are natural components of the continental margin, such as its plateaux, rises, caps, banks and spurs.

7. The coastal State shall delineate the outer limits of its continental shelf, where that shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, by straight lines not exceeding 60 nautical miles in length, connecting fixed points, defined by coordinates of latitude and longitude.

8. Information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall be submitted by the coastal State to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf set up under Annex II on the basis of equitable geographical representation. The Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf. The limits of the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding.

9. The coastal State shall deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations charts and relevant information, including geodetic data, permanently describing the outer limits of its continental shelf. The Secretary-General shall give due publicity thereto.

10. The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the question of delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts.

 (Penulis : Drs.Simon Arnold Julian Jacob)