Kupang
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free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Tanjung Kupang in Johore
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Kupang
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Kupang lighthouse and Sail Indonesia anchorage
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Motto: Kupang Kota KASIH
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 Location of Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara |
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Kupang
Location of Kupang on the island of Timor
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Country
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Province
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Founded
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1886
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Government
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• Mayor
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Jonas Salean
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Area
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• Total
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180.27 km2 (69.60 sq mi)
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Elevation[1]
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62 m (203 ft)
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Population (2011)[2]
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• Total
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349,344
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• Density
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1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
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+62 380
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License
plate
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DH
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Website
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Kupang (Indonesian : Kota-Kupang, Indonesian
pronunciation: [ˈkupaŋ] ; Dutch spelling: Koepang) is capital of the Indonesianprovince of East Nusa Tenggara,
and its estimated 2011 population was 349,344. It is the biggest city and port
on the island ofTimor.
Contents
[hide]
o
7.1 Air
o
7.2 Sea
o
7.3 Land
Histotory
The harbor of Kupang in the early 20th century.
The house of the Resident of Timor in the early
20th century.
Kupang was an important port and
trading point during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial eras. There are ruins and
remnant signs of the colonial presence in the city.
approached Kupang in 1613 after having
conquered the Portuguese fort on Solor.
At this time the place and its hinterland was governed by a raja of the Helong tribe which claimed descent
from Ceramin Maluku. Kupang was well situated for strategic
control over parts of Timor, since it was possible to monitor shipping
activities to the south coast of the island. Moreover, the Koinino River
provided fresh water for the inhabitants. A VOC-Helong agreement was made, but due
to the lack of VOC commitment on Timor, Kupang was later
influenced by the Portuguese mestizo population
of Flores, the Topasses. A
Portuguese stronghold was established by
the 1640s. However, the VOC was firmly established on Solor in 1646, and renewed
contacts with the local raja.[3] In
January 1653 a Dutch fortification, Fort Concordia, was built on a
height to the left of the river estuary. Kupang became the base of
the Dutch struggle against the Portuguese. After a series of
Dutch defeats in 1655, 1656 and 1657, large refugee
groups from the VOC allies Sonbai and Amabi settled
in the vicinity of Kupang in 1658 and formed small kingdoms on land that
traditionally belonged to the Helong. They were followed by two other groups, Amfoan (1683) and Taebenu (1688). The Helong raja remained the
"lord of the land" (tuan tanah) but was closely dependent on
the VOC authorities. Apart from the old Helong territory, Timor was largely
dominated by the Portuguese up to 1749.[4]
The Dutch set up a European administration
with a chief executive (opperhoofd) and a council. Affairs with the
indigenous populations were regulated through regular meetings (vergaderingen).
The Kupang administration handled affairs with the VOC-allied islands Rote, Savu and Solor. Chinese traders and artisans
settled by the early 18th century and soon became
indispensable for the economic life. The town area was also settled by various
indigenous groups from the region, and by mardijkers who were non-whites under
Dutch jurisdiction. In 1752 the population was 827 Christians and an
unspecified number of non-Christians.[5] The
political importance of Kupang on a Timor-wide level increased greatly in 1749 when the Topasses were decisively
defeated by the Dutch and their allies, which led to the extension of VOC influence over wide areas of
western and central Timor. Nevertheless, some of this influence contracted
after 1761 due to incompetence and inaction on the part of the
colonial administration.
Kupang was the final
destination of William Bligh who was set
adrift in an open boat during the Mutiny on the Bounty (1789). The Mutiny on the
Bounty took place about 30 nautical miles (56 km) from Tofua in
the Tonga islands. Lt William Bligh navigated the
overcrowded 23 foot (7 m) open launch on an epic 41-day voyage first to
Tofua and then to the West Timor city of Kupang equipped only with
a sextant and a pocket watch— no charts or compass. He recorded the distance as
3,618 nautical miles (6710 km). He
passed through the difficult Torres Strait along the way and landed on 14 June. The only casualty
of his voyage was a crewman named John Norton who was stoned to
death by the natives of Tofua, the first island they tried to land on.[6] News
of the journey of Captain Bligh inspired the escape of a party
of convicts from the penal colony at Sydney Cove, Australia. A group of nine
convicts and two children, led by William Bryant, stole a small uncovered
government boat and escaped from Port Jackson, Australia.[7] Ten
weeks later, they arrived at Kupang, having covered 3,254 nautical miles (6,026 km).[citation needed]
As a consequence of the
occupation of the Netherlands at
the hands of the French revolutionary
armies in 1795, the VOC possessions
in East India were attacked by Britishforces. Kupang was assaulted in 1797. The British were
eventually expelled although the town was reduced to rubble. A new British
attack was likewise defeated in 1811. After the British occupation
of Java, Kupang finally surrendered in January 1812. The British
returned the town to the Dutch in 1816. The political strongman in the early
19th century was Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart who governed Dutch
Timor as Resident in 1810-12, 1814–18 and 1819–32 and handled
matters without much interference from the colonial government in Batavia.[8] During
his time the Christian mission made a deeper impact through the
efforts of the missionary Reint LeBruyn (1799-1829). The town was
opened to foreign trade in 1825 and fees were abolished three
years later. Kupang was often visited by whalers from Britain and North America. However, the relocation of
whale hunting areas made Kupang a less lively place in the late 19th century,
although it was a free port after 1866.[9] The
five small kingdoms that surrounded the town area (the Helong kingdom of Kupang, Sonbai Kecil, Amabi,
Taebenu and Funai) were merged into
the zelfbesturend landschap (self-ruling territory) Kupang in 1917, but in spite of
the name it did not include the town itself. From 1918 to 1955 it was governed by
the Nisnoni family, a branch of the Sonbai Dynasty.[10]
In the early twentieth century, the city was used
for landing and refueling by long distance airplane flights
between Europe and Australia. It was occupied by the Japanese
in 1942-1945, and much of the old town was
destroyed by allied bombing. During the time of the Indonesian revolution 1945-1949 there was
nationalist agitation in Kupang, but no actual fighting. Kupang
was part of the colonial pseudo-state East Indonesia that was set up by
the Dutch, and the town area was included in the zelfbesturend
landschapKupang.[11] The latter was phased out after the
achievement of independence. Kupang was an important location during the
conflict in East Timor, for the Indonesian military,
as well as the militias. The camps around Kupang were also of significant
impact on the city.
In 1967, the city was made
the seat of the Diocese
of Kupang. In 1989 the diocese was elevated to become the Archdiocese of Kupang.
Climate
Kupang has a tropical wet
and dry climate according to the Köppen
climate classification. Unlike many cities outside Indonesia with
this climate, average temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year,
averaging around 26.5 degrees Celsius,the temperatures have never exceeded 38.0
°C (100.4 °F) and have never fallen below 16.0 °C (61 °F). Kupang
experiences wet and dry seasons of equal length, with the wet
season spanning from November through April, and the dry season covering the
remaining six months. Kupang sees its heaviest precipitation between December
and March. The city sees on average roughly 1550 mm of precipitation
annually.
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[hide]Climate data for Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara
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Month
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Jan
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Feb
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Mar
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Apr
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May
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Jun
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Jul
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Aug
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Sep
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Oct
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Nov
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Dec
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Year
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Record high °C (°F)
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40
(104) |
36
(97) |
37
(99) |
37
(99) |
40
(104) |
38
(100) |
42
(108) |
37
(99) |
38
(100) |
42
(108) |
38
(100) |
38
(100) |
42
(108) |
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Average high °C (°F)
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29
(84) |
29
(84) |
29
(85) |
31
(88) |
31
(88) |
30
(86) |
30
(86) |
31
(87) |
32
(89) |
32
(90) |
32
(89) |
30
(86) |
30.5
(86.8) |
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Daily mean °C (°F)
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27
(81) |
27
(81) |
27
(81) |
28
(83) |
28
(83) |
27
(81) |
27
(80) |
27
(81) |
28
(83) |
29
(84) |
29
(84) |
28
(82) |
27.7
(82) |
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Average low °C (°F)
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25
(77) |
24
(76) |
24
(76) |
25
(77) |
25
(77) |
24
(76) |
24
(75) |
24
(75) |
24
(76) |
25
(77) |
26
(78) |
25
(77) |
24.6
(76.4) |
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Record low °C (°F)
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22
(72) |
21
(70) |
21
(69) |
19
(66) |
19
(67) |
18
(64) |
17
(63) |
17
(63) |
17
(63) |
18
(65) |
21
(70) |
21
(70) |
17
(63) |
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Precipitation cm (inches)
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36
(14) |
32.8
(12.9) |
21.1
(8.3) |
6.4
(2.5) |
3
(1.2) |
1.3
(0.5) |
1
(0.4) |
0.3
(0.1) |
0.3
(0.1) |
2.3
(0.9) |
8.9
(3.5) |
22.6
(8.9) |
136
(53.3) |
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Source:
weatherbase.com[12]
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Demography
Kupang is a multi-ethnic city of
the tribe of Timor, Rote, Sabu, Flores, a small ethnic Chinese and immigrants
from Ambon and several other tribes. At the 2010 Census, the city had 336,239
residents. Based on data from the Central Bureau of
Statistics in 2011, Kupang residents is numbered 349,344
people, consist of 179,323 males and 170,021 females.
Government
The city of Kupang is, in
administrative terms, a kota (city)
which has the same status as a regency (kabupaten) within the Indonesian
administrative system. The chief officers are the mayor and deputy mayor,
elected officials who hold office for five years. The current mayor and deputy
mayor are Yonas Salean and Harmanus Man who were sworn
into office by the governor of the province of East Nusa Tenggara,
Frans Lebu Raya, in Kupang on 1 August 2012. They will hold
office for the period 2012-2017. [13]
Districts
In 2010 Kupang City was divided
into 4 districts (kecamatan),
tabulated below with their 2010 Census population.
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Name
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Population
Census 2010 |
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Alak
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51,255
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Kelapa Lima
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91,496
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Maulafa
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65,848
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Oebobo
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127,640
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Two additional districts have
since been created:
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Kota Raja
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Kota Lama
Economy
The formal sector of the
manufacturing sector in the Kupang area is mainly based on the cement industry. The export and import of goods from the local port is also an
important part of the regional economy. Local service sector activities
(trading, transport, food and drinks) also employ significant numbers of people
in the informal sector.
Kupang Bay Salt Farm
With investment of about Rp.500 billion
($58.5 million), the state-owned salt firm PT Garam will
begin building a 4,000-hectare salt farm of 500,000 tons per year in Kupang
Bay in 2012 and expects to begin initial production in 2013.[14]
Fish Exports
Fish exports from East Nusa
Tenggara centralized through the Port of Fisheries in Tenau, Kupang. Japan, East Timor, United States, and Thailand is four fish export
destinations.[15]
Sailing
Main article: Sail Indonesia
Kupang is the first port
of call for yachts in the annual Sail Indonesia[16] rally which starts in Darwin,
Australia towards the end of July each year. In 2006 about 100 yachts from around
the world took part in the rally. From Kupang yachts head north to Alor and then stop at various ports in
Indonesia over a period of about three months ending up inSingapore.
Transportation
Air
Kupang city has an airport with
the name El Tari Airport.
Formerly named Penfui Airport. This airport serves the flight from
Kupang to several cities in Indonesia.
Sea
Kupang harbour is a harbour in
Kupang that can serve both cargo and passenger ships. Passengers typically
advance through Kupang to destinations such as Ruteng, Baa, Kalabahi and others. Currently the
Commercial Port is located in Tenau and Bolok, which is a Kupang regency. Kupang Namosain is a natural sea
port that is now laid out better. This port serves timber ships heading to Rote, Semau and areas
around the city of Kupang. Previously the port was also used by fishermen to
unload their catches. Kupang Harbor is an old sea port now berthing sailboats
from abroad and has become a stopover in saling Indonesia from Darwin,
Australia.
Land
Land transport system in Kupang
is served by minibus transportation commonly called bemo.
Education
In 1962, the University of
Nusa Cendana was established, and the city became important
both in the field of education and also economically. Kupang is also the home
of an private
university, Artha
Wacana Christian University, Widya Mandira
Catholic University.
Tourism
Attractions
·
Lasiana Beach
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Nostalgia Park
Culinary Tourism
The city of Kupang has a lot of
charm, especially for fans of sea food. The sweet smell of squid and prawns
when cooking emit a very appetizing aroma. Travelers will also be presented
with a delicious Kupang special, the "jagung bose" This dish is
made from a mixture of corn, vegetables and whole grains (usually green beans
and peanuts). There is also "Se'i" which is a bacon
or smoked pork/beef mixed with salt and spices so the taste is sweet and salty.
Se'i gets its smokey taste from how it is cooked.
Normally after the meat is salted it is wrapped in banana leaves along with
some spices and is then smoked over an open fire. Se'i was used during the
war to preserve food this allowed the soldiers to carry it around with them
wherever they went.
One more unique aspect is the
stall sellers of roasted corn that stretches along the sidewalk on the El Tari Road. This is a
favorite place for young people to gather in the evenings in Kupang.
Sister cities
Kupang has a sister city
relationship with:
References
3.
Jump up^ Arend de Roever, De jacht op
sandelhout: De VOC en de tweedeling van Timor in de zeventiende eeuw (Zutphen
2002), pp. 105-255.
4.
Jump up^ Hans Hägerdal, Lords of the land,
lords of the sea: Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600-1800 (Leiden
2012), pp. 199-309.
9.
Jump up^ Steven Farram, "Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart
and the British interregnum in Netherlands Timor, 1812-1816", Bijdragen
tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 163-4 (2007), pp. 455-475.
11.
Jump up^ L.J. van Dijk, "De zelfbesturende
landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden", Indische
Gids 47 (1925).
12.
Jump up^ Steven Farram, From 'Timor Koepang'
to 'Timor NTT': The political history of West Timor, 1901-1957 (PhD
Thesis, Northern Territory University 2003).
13.
Jump up^ http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=27379&cityname=Kupang-East-Nusa-Tenggara-Indonesia&units=us
14.
Jump up^ Fointuna, Yemris (2 August 2012). "New Kupang mayor pledges pro-people policies".The
Jakarta Post. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
16.
Jump up^ "NTT Ekspor Ikan ke Empat Negara". Victory
News. 25 April 2012. Retrieved8 November 2012.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kupang
(city).
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